Learning to sing in tune: Does real-time visual feedback help?

Background in singing pedagogy. Learning to sing involves mastery of basic motor and sensory skills combined with an understanding of relevant musical parameters (dynamics, articulation etc.) and assimilation of appropriate behavioural, sociological, cultural and aesthetic information. Traditional singing teaching methods typically use modelling and verbal feedback in a one-on-one learning situation (Callaghan, 2000). Recent technology advances, especially computer software developments, have the potential to alter radically practices in singing pedagogy (Callaghan & Wilson, 2004; Welch et al., 2005).